In this paper, the Working Group on Mitigation Instruments (WGMI) provides a framework to choose the appropriate mitigation instruments for India’s transition to a low-carbon economy. The white paper, developed in collaboration with the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) and supported by Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation, builds on the literature available to compare specific instruments in the Indian context and move towards a balanced and informed narrative. The framework has been developed with a view to align the objectives of sustainable development with greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation.