This report aims to clarify and help mainstream nature’s role in the transition to a green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication. It contributed to discussions at the Rio+20 Conference and will continue to support the development of green economy strategies and plans as well as their implementation in the follow-up of Rio+20. While this report is primarily targeted at policy and decision makers, it is also accessible to the wider public. This report has benefitted from a wide review process and includes insights from the many discussions on the green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication at Rio+20 conference.