This study analyzes the impact of transgenic crop adoption on agricultural production risk and agrobiodiversity. The genetic erosion hypothesis suggests that global biodiversity is affected by various anthropogenic stresses that have caused serious biodiversity loss over the past few decades. This also applies to agrobiodiversity, comprising the diversity of species used in agricultural production and varietal diversity within those species. One of the major factors that have influenced agrobiodiversity over the last 100 years is plant breeding, coupled with the intensification of agricultural systems.