Protecting mountain ecosystems, promoting the sustainable use of natural resources and ensuring food security are all global priorities. To this end, Sustainable Development Goal 15 aims to promote actions that ensure the sound and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems by promoting actions to control land degradation and maintain healthy vegetation cover. The study’s findings highlight that government actions to combat land degradation, adapt to climate change, strengthen agricultural value chains and promote economic development are fundamental to reducing vulnerability to food insecurity in mountain regions.