Limited access to water, droughts, floods and other climatic conditions are major challenges to food security in Ghana. Over 70% of smallholder farmers in the country practice rainfed agriculture, which is highly vulnerable to rainfall variability. Flooding and waterlogging of farmlands limit land use and crop productivity.

This paper provides the climatic and biophysical context of three watersheds in northern Ghana - Anyari and Zanlerigu in the Upper East region and Bihinaayili in the Northern region.