Coal mines in the western areas of China experience low mining rates and induce many geo-hazards when using the room and pillar mining method. In this research, we proposed a roadway backfill method during longwall mining to target these problems. We tested the mechanical properties of the backfill materials to determine a reasonable ratio of backfill materials for the driving roadway during longwall mining.
Transportation mobility in India has increased significantly in the past decades. From1970 to 2000, motorized mobility (passenger-km) has risen by 888%, compared with an 88% population growth. This contributed to many energy and environmental issues, and an energy strategy incorporates efficiency improvement and other measures needs to be designed.
