Blackouts and Backsliding presents the latest energy subsidy data for South Africa. South Africa's fossil fuel subsidies tripled between FY 2018 and FY 2023, from ZAR 39 billion (USD 2.9 billion) in FY 2018 to ZAR 118 billion (USD 7.5 billion) in FY 2023.

This overview sets the scene for the various modules in the Renewables 2024 Global Status Report Collection. It provides high-level trends on the status of renewables in the wider fossil fuel-dominated energy system in the context of global challenges such as climate change, development goals and the geopolitical landscape.

Understanding the distributional consequences of progressive fossil fuel subsidy reform is critical to the sustainability of reform efforts as well as progress towards more just and inclusive energy transitions.

As India’s clean energy transition gathers pace, declining revenue from fossil fuels could disproportionately affect its coal-producing states. At the same time, state governments that depend on fossil fuel revenue will face increased budgetary pressures to ensure an equitable and just transition.

Coal is the most carbon-intensive major fossil fuel in use today and is deeply entrenched in the power system, but drastic reductions in its consumption are required to achieve net-zero emissions. Accelerating Coal Transitions provides an update on the IEA’s 2022 report Coal in Net Zero Transitions at the request of the Japanese G7 Presidency.

This report provides an evidence-based analysis of the controversies around Nigeria's fuel subsidy removal, including the rationale for subsidy removal, the distributional impact, and the determinants of the sustainability of the subsidy removal.

Mapping India's Energy Policy 2023 is the latest publication in a series of annual updates on government support for energy in India. This year's publication highlights the key shifts in India's energy policy over the last decade, between fiscal year (FY) 2014 and FY 2023.

The REN21 Renewables and Sustainability Report (RESR) builds on a yearlong research and consultative process among a wide range of stakeholders across sectors.

The current energy crisis has raised important policy questions on how to strengthen short-term energy security while remaining firmly committed to the green transition, a challenge amplified by the recent consensus at COP28 to transition away from fossil fuels.