This report addresses challenges that face water resources for agriculture in Africa in the context of climate change, uncertainty that is adding other burdens to other existing challenges. These include population pressure; land use, such as erosion/siltation; and its impacts on the hydrological cycle. With the global food crises and the growing population continentwide, more food must be grown for the 200 million people malnourished across Africa and the 1 billion more people expected by 2050.