This document published by the GTZ has been produced in the context of an ongoing project in which the GTZ and the Ministry of Environment and Forests are working together to devise ways of dealing with the inevitable impacts of climate change, which aims to strengthen the capacities of rural communities in India to live with climate variability and change. The work includes supporting governments of four partner states of Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal, local communities and other relevant stakeholders in identifying, developing and carrying out adaptation measures in pilot regions. This document provides an overview of the main issues in current adaptation discussions and recognised adaptation options in a number of thematic areas.