This research report provides an overview of the Social Assessment for Protected and Conserved Areas (SAPA) methodology and describes the results of SAPA’s application at six protected areas in Kenya and Uganda. These case studies provide a practical illustration of the kind of information generated by SAPA, and integrate outcome harvesting to determine whether SAPA can make a difference. The report is written primarily for conservation practitioners but will also be of interest to policymakers. It underscores the importance of inclusive, multi-stakeholder approaches and reflects more broadly on their contribution to goals for enhancing the effectiveness and equity of protected area management and governance.