In short, India stands to gain much more by implementing lower sulphur fuels in tandem with other vehicular emission control measures. In particular, these benefits will stem from adopting a “one country, one fuel, one regulation” policy and reducing fuel sulphur levels to be on par with international best practices. These steps by themselves will have positive impacts on air quality in India, particularly in its most polluted cities. They will also open the door for other emission control technologies and policies to be adopted to further improve air quality and public health. This briefing discusses the advantages of implementing a policy of “one country, one fuel, one regulation" and moving to further reduce fuel sulphur content in India.