The challenge for IFAD and other development organizations, however, is to ensure that income-focused project designs achieve practical nutritional outcomes on the ground. This report represents a first, and timely, attempt to map IFAD nutrition-sensitive interventions. It provides an in-depth analysis of trends in implementing nutrition mainstreaming in the East and Southern Africa region (ESA). The report concludes that production and income alone do not necessarily translate into improved dietary intake, without planned and continuous nutrition interventions to elicit behavioural changes in consumption. It calls for context-specific integrated-impact pathways in a project, to attain positive nutrition outcomes. Most importantly, it highlights the positive influence of project interventions on dietary diversity; and it underscores the variation that exists among households and between individuals.