Translating the EU’s long-term strategy into action also means engaging more deeply with the different opportunities, challenges and conditions to unlock specific challenges faced by individual Member States or sub-national regions. A common European approach to decarbonisation and common legislative tools are of course needed. However, the EU must also work harder to integrate the diversity of national opportunities and challenges that stems from the unique circumstances of each Member State into a common vision of the pathways to GHG neutrality. In the short and medium term, the EU will also need to revise its NDC by 2020 and again, more fundamentally, by 2025. This is essential both for EU’s own policies to be consistent with its 2050 goals. It is also essential to help maintain international momentum behind the Paris Agreement.