Translating the EU’s long-term strategy into action also means engaging more deeply with the different opportunities, challenges and conditions to unlock specific challenges faced by individual Member States or sub-national regions. A common European approach to decarbonisation and common legislative tools are of course needed.

This report seeks to draw upon the composite lessons learned at domestic and subnational levels and aims to respond to three fundamental questions facing policymakers and stakeholders at national and subnational levels: Why do we need strong national climate governance frameworks and how do we get there?