Western disturbances have a long history of climatological, synoptic and satellite observations based studies. In present study an attempt has been made to understand the different aspects of western disturbances like movement, associated convection, induce systems and associated weather. The western disturbances (WDs) during post monsoon and winter season have been selected for the study as they are mainly responsible for precipitation over western Himalayan region and adjoining plains of northwest India.

The field experiment was conducted during the year 2001 to 2006 on marginal degraded bouldery riverbed lands of Doon Valley in North-West India under rainfed conditions. The performance of grasses viz Panicum maximum (fodder grass) and Eulaliopsis binata (industrial grass for fiber and paper pulp) was evaluated alone and in association with Paulownia fortunei with regard to growth parameters and biomass yield.

Salix tetrasperma is commonly called as Indian Willow. In terai zone of West Bengal Salix tetrasperma is seen growing in middle of the pond of many households. During winters when the ponds are dry, the light textured soil does not retain water for long time; the tree bears lush green foliage. On contrary during rainy season when the ponds are filled with water, it sheds its leaves. This may be attributed to soil aeration.