This report assesses the economic impacts of water scarcity for six Middle Eastern countries and examines how water-use efficiency improvements and trade can mitigate these impacts. In doing so, it provides water planners and managers key arguments to guide water policies choices and priorities in the region.

Over the past decade, biofuels production in the EU and US has boomed – much of this due to government mandates and subsidies. The US has now surpassed Brazil as the world’s leading
producer of ethanol. The economic and environmental impact of these biofuel programs has become an important question of public policy. Due to the complex intersectoral linkages