The present study was undertaken in the six major valleys of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand to understand and quantify the contribution of pack animals in reducing CO2 emission in Indian Central Himalaya. The study has demonstrated that horses and mules provide direct and indirect services to the society and country. The direct services include communication services in far-flung and remote areas not connected with the road network, where they transport essential

The objective of this article is to assess the socio-cultural impacts of camping on the river beach and the white-water rafting development on the river Ganga in Uttarakhand. This paper largely relies on primary survey and secondary data collected from different government departments.

The most outstanding feature of the River Ganga is that it offers uncommon environmental diversity, impressive scenery, and an outstanding adventurous and wilderness experience. All these attributes contribute towards wild land-based recreation. The objective of this article is to assess the environmental and socio-cultural impacts of camping and white-water rafting on this river. This article has largely relied on primary survey and secondary data collected from different government departments.