The extent to which cities in Africa face climate change and natural hazard related disaster risks is shaped by much more than just their exposure to hazard. Past and
current patterns of urban growth and development have shaped the context of risk in multiple ways. The economies, spatial form, societies, and governance of African

A rapid growth of population in Dakar has led to an increase in the number of healthcare facilities in the city, with an immediate consequence of considerable increase in biomedical waste generation and considerable challenge to the already burdened the city’s waste management system.

Building on available evidence that there are differences of exposure to solid waste among males and females at different stages of the life-course (children, youth, adults and older persons), it follows that effective SWM policies need to recognize such variations, as a prelude to rolling out programmes to address associated socio-economic and