Air pollution in Pakistan’s urban centers is among the most severe in the world. Every year, it results in more than 20 thousand premature deaths among adults and in almost five million cases of illnesses among young children in Pakistan. In addition, urban air pollution affects the quality of life and the economy and environment of Pakistan. Despite its severity, urban air pollution has not received the necessary attention of policy makers and is seldom covered by the media. Cleaning Pakistan’s Air: Policy Options to Address the Cost of Outdoor Air Pollution Abatement advocates that Pakistan allocate resources for interventions that can significantly improve air quality. This report details a broad spectrum of research on Pakistan’s air pollution challenges and identifies a comprehensive set of steps to improve air quality.