Recent global and national food crises exposed major shortcomings in the way food security has been conceptualized and measured. This paper presents a new framework that operationalizes the universal World Food Summit’s definition in light of recent food security challenges and extends previous frameworks by incorporating the macroeconomic dimension of food security and identifying key sectors, explicitly considering external shocks and stresses to food security plus intervention options for increasing resilience, and accounting for nutrition as an integral part of food security and nutrition outcomes as both a consequence and a cause of underdevelopment. This comprehensive framework may contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of the food security concept and provide a platform for empirical analysis.