This IGES brief is based on the outcomes of the consultations on post-2012 climate regime and pertinent literature review. The brief suggests that the future climate regime should create incentives to promote only those biofuel projects and programs that provide net positive energy, environment, and developmental benefits; institute necessary safeguards including mandatory Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) for sustainability impact of biofuels from production to consumption with the boundary extended to include impacts on water, forests, and biodiversity; develop additional methodologies for promoting future biomass programs under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) schemes; mobilize financial and technological resources for the production and consumption of second generation biofuels; and establish a mechanism for coordinated energy policies that brings together the developed and developing countries.