The 2014 Global Carbon Budget has been released ahead of the U.N. Climate Summit, showing that carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning and cement production increased by 2.3% in 2013 to new record levels. It said that emissions were 61% above the 1990 levels (the Kyoto Protocol reference year). The report from the Global Carbon Project, which is co-sponsored by the World Climate Research Programme, said emissions are projected to increase by a further 2.5% in 2014. In 2013, the ocean and land carbon sinks respectively removed 27% and 23% of total CO2 (fossil fuel and land use change), leaving 50% of emissions in the atmosphere. The Global Carbon Budget examined regional fossil fuel emissions, consumption-based fossil fuel emissions, emissions from land use change, emission pathways, CO2 removals by natural sinks, atmospheric CO2 and cumulative carbon emissions.