The paper begins by laying out the current state of global food insecurity and malnutrition, including magnitude, trends and future projections. The causes, consequences and costs of food insecurity and malnutrition are explored. Malnutrition is clearly a severe impediment to sustainable development and human security as it slows down economic growth and the achievement of equity. The paper briefly lays out a number of factors besides climate change, bioenergy and rising prices that will likely contribute to malnutrition in the future. The paper then explores the implications of climate change and rising bioenergy demand for nutrition. Agricultural activities contribute to climate change, but can also play an important role in adaptation and mitigation strategies, as well as in boosting food availability.