This second global report of the Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land-Use, and Energy (FABLE) Consortium presents pathways towards sustainable land-use and food systems for 20 countries. The FABLE pathways presented in the report now present at least one Current Trends Pathway and one Sustainable Pathway to assess how far and how quickly improved policies can make land-use and food systems sustainable. They have also been expanded to cover freshwater, future climate-change impacts on crops, a richer discussion of biodiversity targets, and a more detailed trade analysis. They show how countries can meet mid-century objectives on food security, healthy diets, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, forest conservation, and freshwater use. The report’s findings suggest that integrated strategies across food production, biodiversity, climate, and diets can meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but will require deep transformations in all countries.