In 2007, the world became a predominantly urban society. An estimated three-quarters of economic production now takes place in cities. Urbanization brings with it the possibilities of improved access to jobs, goods, and services for poor people in developing countries and beyond as globalization trends connect cities worldwide. However, new challenges in terms of conflict, violence, poverty, and inequalities have also emerged. Researching the Urban Dilemma: Urbanization, Poverty and Violence documents what is known about the connections between violence, inequalities, and poverty in urban centres and assesses the strength of the knowledge base; describes the state of theory on violence, urbanization, and poverty reduction; identifies key evidence gaps that require further investigation; maps out key actors (researchers and research organizations) that are producing knowledge on these issues; and provides an extensive bibliography.