The Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are contemplating a range of goals for
limiting the rise in global average temperature that is resulting from
rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Whatever temperature goal is eventually agreed by the Parties, its
achievement will depend on the extent to which global emissions
of greenho

If policy-makers are to reach international agreement on greenhouse-gas emissions at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change conference in Copenhagen in December, they need to be optimistic that their decisions could have swift and overwhelmingly positive effects on climate change. The reality is less certain, but no less urgent.