The fast growth of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)and its positive and negative attributes have been well documented. Recent years have witnessed explosive growth of the CDM. The number of CDM projects for validation and registration has grown exponentially and developing countries (so called non-Annex I countries) becoming involved in the CDM grew from 8 in 2000 to more than 50 in 2008.

The ocean is becoming an increasingly noisy environment. With a rise in commercial shipping, resource extraction activities, and military-related activities, the underwater ocean environment is a virtual cacophony of noise. While some sources of underwater noise such as wind, waves, and the mating and communication calls of marine mammals are natural contributors to underwater noise levels, humans also contribute a significant level of noise to the marine environment.