This research provides a novel analysis that connects 2011 in-use shipping fleet characteristics, first-ever satellite data on ship movement, and technical literature on ship efficiency technology to analyze the long-term prospects for increasing shipping efficiency.

The fast growth of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)and its positive and negative attributes have been well documented. Recent years have witnessed explosive growth of the CDM. The number of CDM projects for validation and registration has grown exponentially and developing countries (so called non-Annex I countries) becoming involved in the CDM grew from 8 in 2000 to more than 50 in 2008.