One of the first announcements of Prime Minister Narendra Modi pertained to cleaning the Ganga. But this is not the first time an attempt has been made to clean the river. River cleaning schemes initiated in 1974, 1985, 1993, 1996 and 2008-09 have been monumental failures. While the Prime Minister's announcement was followed by a lot of rhetoric and initial moves towards the goal were frantic, two years later, there has been little improvement in the state-of-affairs.

There is an increasing awareness worldwide of environmental problems threatening the sustainability of earth's life support systems, emphasizing the need for prudent and sagacious management of earth's resources. As global evnomic integration intensifies so does the incidence of trade and environment disputes and conflicts.