In Copenhagen in 2009, developed countries committed to jointly mobilise $100 billion dollars a year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries. However, the climate accords rely on pledging and do not include any formulae for determining how responsibility for this target should be apportioned among developed countries.

This report is a synthesis of evidence gathered on transformational change within the Climate Investment Funds (CIF). It complements a parallel evaluation on transformational change in the countries where CIF operates. It is distinguished from the evaluation by a focus on the secondary literature, produced both within and outside CIF.