A debate exists regarding the limits of international law to influence state behaviour. Some attribute these limits to the inability of law to compel states to incorporate norms into domestic legal frameworks. Others maintain that even if institutionalised, the incapacity of states to put those norms into action is where the problem lies.

This report investigates to what extent different definitions of ‘Primary energy factors’ can have implications on EU energy policy. Primary energy factors (PEF) have been developed as a form of comparison and a number of EU directives refer to the implementation of primary energy factors in setting energy and climate targets.

In its resolution 68/167, the General Assembly requested the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to submit a report on the protection and promotion of the right to privacy in the context of domestic and extraterritorial surveillance and/or the interception of digital communications and the collection of personal data, including on

On  23rd  June  2014,  the  Right  to  Information  Act  (RTI  Act)  stepped  into  its  10th  year  of implementation. The text of this law was published in the Official Gazette on that day in 2005 and some provisions became operational. Other provisions detailing the procedures through which people can access information or file appeals and co