The European Commission has proposed the world’s toughest emission standards for non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), which will tighten restrictions and set stricter limits on emissions of particulate matter (PM). The Stage V emission standards will phase in as early as 2018 for approval of new engine types, and in 2019 for all sales. The rules would replace an existing, multi-layered legal framework in Europe with one overarching regulation. The commission laid out a split-level approach, putting forth legislation in two steps. The planned two-step adoption will ensure that the European Council and the European Parliament focus on the regulation’s fundamental provisions, leaving the technical and administrative details of implementation to be developed later.