There is growing recognition that successful adaptation of agricultural production systems to changes in climate will depend upon the improved access to, and use of, genetic diversity. In order to facilitate this adaptation, new forms of interdisciplinary research, new technologies, novel partnerships and effective policy instruments are considered essential. Given their mandate, history and expertise, the centres of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR Centres) are expected to play an important role in developing novel agricultural research strategies required to respond to climate change challenges. This report describes how eight of the CGIAR Centres whose research is focused on plant genetic resources, are (re)organizing their conservation and improvement activities in light of climate change adaptation. The report also analyzes how the collection, use and distribution of plant genetic resources by CGIAR Centres are influenced by international and national policies, treaties and agreements.