This paper seeks to capture the dynamics of the industry over the more recent past. Utilizing production, price and export data from the period 1995 to 2004, the study seeks to: examine the trends and features of development in Indian poultry over the last ten years or so; identify forces that are driving these changes; predict the structure of developments in the poultry sector, over the next ten or fifteen years and trace its consequences for income, employment, public health, environmental pollution, animal wealth, etc.; and shed some light on how smallholders are likely to be affected by the ongoing structural changes, i.e. whether it will seriously undermine their competitiveness, and if so what are the options available. The analysis shows a sharp jump in India’s egg and poultry meat production.