The fifth volume of the Report of the Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income (DFI) examines the strengths, weakness and reforms in the agricultural system. The focus is on promoting a sustainability approach in the future development of India’s agricultural system. In a rush to secure its food supply system, the country has pushed intensive agricultural practices starting in the Green Revolution era. The driving forces originating in mid-1960s have resulted in the large agricultural production base, seen today. However, largely unseen was the acute ecological stress on the agricultural system. Land degradation, water depletion and other unplanned resource uses have resulted in sustainability concerns.