Paper presents the causes of forest degradation and its direct and indirect effects. Preliminary discussion on the issue of tracing the basic research areas, approaches of joint forest management for its role in natural resource conservation. Although felling tree illegally still going on and this is the major cause of decrease in forest cover, increasing number of industrial establishments and fuel wood collection are other causes.

In India, mining is one of the main economic activities since time immemorial, giving rise to a long historical tradition of artisanal mining. As modern mining rose during the colonial occupation, artisanal mining activities began to be overlooked and this great tradition became obscure.