Despite the importance of effective food aid in the country, a large share of PDS food grains do not reach their intended beneficiaries. However, the Indian State of Chhattisgarh instituted a number of PDS reforms in the early and mid-2000s in an effort to improve the distribution of PDS food grains finds this paper published by United States Department of Agriculture.
There are a number of assumptions required to estimate actual calories consumed from expenditure data regarding calories contained in processed foods and meals eaten outside the household. Ideally, estimates of calorie consumption and the assessment of food security would be similar under a wide variety of assumptions, and the range of estimates would be quite small.
