This article describes biotechnological modes, updated in terms of environmental remediation while exploiting natural resources. Modern biotechnology embraces not only the principles of using various organisms but also the techniques of doing so. Both the aspects are dealt with in detail.

The disproportionate distribution of environmental risks among the population is known as environmental justice, environmental equity or at some instance environmental racism. All these terms in fact define the status that the poor suffer greater exposure to environmental pollution than other communities.