Carbon dioxide emissions from the steel sector are significant and growing: global emissions of carbon dioxide from fuel combustion in the sector increased by 61 per cent between 2000 and 2009, an annual average growth rate of 5.4 per cent. Emissions are projected to increase in future years driven by ongoing growth in demand for steel, predominantly by developing countries continuing along their development paths. This guide is aimed at furthering understanding of how decisions are made within the industry and how policies may affect this decision-making process. The intent is to broaden the focus of current discussions to encompass the long-term decisions made by firms and to consider whether and how the investments required for the realization of a low-carbon economy could be supported.