In Sri Lanka, the quality of drinking water is at the base of all theories linked with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDue). In many studies, trace metals (especially arsenic) in the environment have been identified as a major geoenvironmental factor contributing to the etiology of renal damage. The focus of the study, therefore, was to analyze drinking water quality for physico‐chemical parameters and heavy metals in affected and unaffected regions. Samples of soil, food commodities (rice grain and plant), pesticides and fertilizers were also tested for arsenic to understand the linkage of arsenic with CKDue.