This report aims to provide a general framework for the implementation of adaptation in the Mediterranean context, based on a number of important clarifications and accompanied by operational recommendations. In the first part the scientific basis of the study will be set, notably from the works of the IPCC. It assess the major climatic evolutions predicted for the Mediterranean over the coming century, concentrating on temperatures, rainfall regimes and variation of sea level. This will lead us to present the induced physical impacts and to study the consequences on natural resources and human activities. It then explores the central topic of adaptation in more detail, by first proposing some essential framing elements. It aim to ensure that the debate remains firmly fixed within the context of all the important developments, and not just climate change, that are already at stake in the Mediterranean (economical, demographical