The aim of this book is to help those who work, or are beginning to work, with MRV in climate change issues to understand MRV in a practical way, and learn the lessons and good practices that are available for developing countries. It introduce six MRV schemes that have been established. These range in scale from national to project. At the time of writing this book, some are directly under the UNFCCC and others, including the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM), are not. The JCM is jointly being developed and implemented by Japan and its partner countries.