New empirical evidence from nine research sites presented in this publication show that loss and damage occurs when there are barriers that impede planning and implementation of adaptation, and when physical and social limits to adaptation are reached or exceeded. Across the nine research sites, households struggle to manage climatic stressors on their household economy and their livelihoods. Despite their efforts to cope with the impact of extreme weather events and to adapt to slow-onset climatic changes, many incurred residual impact that they could not adequately manage.