August 2014 saw a major landslide strike in a densely populated district 80 km northeast of Kathmandu, in Sindhupalchok district. This study combines evidence from surveys and interviews to assess impacts and preventive and coping measures taken. The impacts relative to annual income show that lower-income households lost up to 14 times their annual income, as opposed to 3 times for the wealthier. The implications of these findings for discussions surrounding loss and damage are discussed.

New empirical evidence from nine research sites presented in this publication show that loss and damage occurs when there are barriers that impede planning and implementation of adaptation, and when physical and social limits to adaptation are reached or exceeded.

This study draws evidence of loss and damage from five case studies conducted in Bangladesh, Bhutan, The Gambia, Kenya and Micronesia.