As a large developing country, India’s challenge is to meet its development aspirations in a carbon-constrained world. This study, undertaken by the Centre for Study of Science Technology and Policy (CSTEP) uses Sustainable Development (SD) as the overarching framework and aims at equitable access to energy, clean air and water, food, health and livelihoods and economic growth. The study connects elements of SD in an integrated bottom-up approach to understand the implications for economy, energy trajectories, emissions and costs. The present study is an initial assessment of such an analysis and focuses on three objectives: Energy security, meaning that the energy system should not be vulnerable to potential fuel supply disruptions, Inclusivity, which ensures access to energy services for all and, Environment, which implies that the pollutant emissions are within reasonable limits to avoid high risk of mortality and morbidity.