This report illustrates two alternative approaches to promoting sustainable woodfuel production by farmers and communities with a commercial focus. The report aims to provide readers with a thorough analysis of these two approaches, focusing on strategic aspects, guiding principles, overall results, and lessons learned. These approaches are: Community Based Woodfuel Production (CBWP) as observed in Sub-Saharan Africa; and Forest Replacement Associations (FRA) as observed in Latin America. The main goal of this booklet is to review these experiences, which have both been in operation in several locations for 20 years, and to analyze the failures and successes of each.