In many parts of the world, livestock production is undergoing a process of rapid intensification. The health implications of this development are uncertain. Intensification creates cheaper products, allowing more people to access animal-based foods. However, some practices associated with intensification may contribute to zoonotic disease emergence and spread, for example the sustained use of antibiotics, concentration of animals in confined units, and long distance and frequent movement of livestock.

The total number of fatalities from H7N9 bird flu in Shanghai has risen to 13 after the death of an 89-year-old man on Monday morning, local health authorities said.

Chitwan livestock officials have confirmed that another poultry farm in Mangalpur area of the district has been affected by avian influenza, few weeks after bird flu cases were detected in Bharatpu

China's Ministry of Finance said Wednesday it has allocated 303 million yuan ($48.6 million) from the central coffers to better prevent human infections of the H7N9 avian flu.

International experts probing China’s deadly H7N9 bird flu virus said on Wednesday it was “one of the most lethal influenza viruses” seen so far as Taiwan reported the first case outside China.

Jagadish Pandey, Chief of the District Livestock Office Jhapa, said bird flu was confirmed at Mechinagar, Chandragadhi and Kumarkhod in Jhapa.

China reported three more H7N9 infections on Sunday, bringing total number of the confirmed cases to 21 as the country is gearing up to fight the disease that has left six dead.

A strain of bird flu that has been found in humans for the first time in eastern China is not a cause for panic, the World Health Organization said on Monday, as the number of people infected rose

The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research on Sunday reported the first bird flu death in five years after the human infection of H5N1 virus had been detected in the country.

What are the different types of influenza viruses?
There are three types of influenza viruses: A, B and C. Virus A and B cause seasonal flu while C is typically associated with mild illness in children and young adults.

Influenza B and C virus have limited genetic diversity as both are restricted to a single specie each. Influenza type A virus has several sub-species. These species are classified on the basis of different combinations of hemaglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) — the proteins on its surface. For instance the H1N1 is an A type influenza virus that has an HA1 and an NA1 protein. Except H17N10, all known subtypes of influenza A virus can infect birds. The H17N10 virus is found in bats.

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