The theme study sets out the transformations that are needed for Asia and the Pacific to transition to a net-zero-carbon future in support of sustainable development.

In the five years since its launch, the Clean Energy Transitions Programme (CETP) has become the largest and most important programme at the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Using energy more efficiently has proven to be an extremely successful and cost-effective way to reduce energy demand. Highly developed and well proven policy instruments already exist to deliver increased energy efficiency, such as Ecodesign in Europe and Japan’s Top Runner.

Ever since its inception, the G20 Energy Transitions Working Group (ETWG) has covered a wide range of priority areas broadly spanning across clean energy, energy access and energy security.

An average of 1TW of new renewables deployment annually is necessary to reach the world’s 1.5°C climate target by 2030, according to this World Energy Transitions Outlook 2023 preview by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).

Data show that 3.2-4% global annual improvements in energy efficiency are possible, and all countries and sectors can ramp up progress. There is a wealth of experience in India and globally that can be leveraged for faster action.

Energy demand for space cooling has increased more than twice as fast as the overall energy demand in buildings over the last decade. Higher temperatures caused by climate change, coupled with increasing incomes and growing populations, are driving rapid growth in residential air conditioning (AC) ownership.

Across the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the greatest progress made in the Asia-Pacific region has been towards Goal 7. There has been considerable success in providing electricity access to urban and rural populations. South and South-West Asia performed exceptionally on electricity access, which helped accelerate progress on SDG 7.

Energy efficiency indicators are key to tracking energy efficiency progress for a variety of purposes (e.g. policy making, monitoring targets, making energy projections, developing scenarios and planning, and benchmarking).

To assure financial and environmental sustainability for Indonesia's power sector, this report proposes restructuring PLN, the country's State Electricity Corporation, and details innovative reforms for stronger governance and regulation.