The groundwater reserves are depleting at an alarming rate in Punjab besides a serious decline in the quality of water at many places due to overuse of the available resources, says a study. Out of a total of 137 blocks covered under the study, only 25 have been found safe with 103 of them being overexploited, five being critical and four in a semi-critical state, says a study conducted by the Water Resources and Environment Directorate, Punjab Irrigation Department.
Arsenic and flourides are found in the underground water in Barak valley. In order to make underground water free from arsenic and flourides all necessary preventive measure have been adopted by the State government. The PHE Minister Rihon Daimary disclosed the fact while inaugurating Kumbhirgram TE water supply scheme.
Tests have so far detected the presence of excess fluoride and arsenic in 449 blocks in five districts and in 614 blocks in 18 districts of the State respectively.
The fluoride contamination study has been carried out in ground waters of Khanapur, Bailhongal and Saundatti taluks of Malaprabha sub basin, Belgaum district, Karnataka. 21 samples were collected during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season of 1999.
The soil samples from selected fluoride environments in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu is South India were analyzed for total and soluble fluoride. (2007)
Uttar Pradesh, India's largest state, is blessed with rivers. But what's the use? Each and every river and canal is filled with poisonous muck which seeps into groundwater. The Janhit Foundation in Meerut has carried out several studies which show that Uttar Pradesh's groundwater is loaded with dangerous carcinogenic chemicals. Towns and villages are becoming infamous for particular chemicals.
In recent times, there have been media reports that fluoride contamination is widespread in West Bengal. It has been highlighted that 60 blocks in eight districts,viz. Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum,Purulia, Midnapur, Malda and West Dinajpur are affected.
Physico-chemical analysis of groundwater in Churu block was performed to have a clear picture of water quality so that remedial measures could be worked for. Fluoride higher thatn 2ppm may cause osteoporosis and fluorosis. High nitrate is alarming as it indicates possibility of seepage from sewage.
Fluoride takes part in a number of geochemical and biochemical reactions. The activity of the fluoride thus makes the ion non conservative in many occations, though the ion is included in the major ions category. Preferential enrichment of fluoride is a general observations in the coastal and estuarine environment.
