Urinary excretion of estrogens, including endogenously produced estrogens, estrogens from dietary sources, and estrogens from prescription medications and veterinary pharmaceuticals, can result in surface water contamination and subsequent human exposure via contaminated drinking water. Caldwell et al.
Oseltamivir phosphate (OP; Tamiflu) has been used to treat and prevent H1N1 influenza. OP is primarily excreted in urine as oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), the active form of the drug, and OC may be subsequently released into the environment via sewage treatment plant (STP) wastewater. Ghosh et al.
Occurrence of antibiotics was investigated in water associated with two hospitals in Ujjain district, India. Samples of hospital associated water were subjected to solid phase extraction combined with high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to estimate antibiotics in incoming safe water, hospital wastewater and groundwater.
Poharkar et al.1 have reported the presence of a single genotype of avian Plasmodium spp. AP70 in 14 White-backed vultures in Central India. This result and the treatment of ill vultures with an antimalarial drug, as well as the lack of diclofenac residues implied that malaria could be an additional cause for the decline in vulture population. (Correspondence)
A method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of different veterinary drug residues (macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, and sulfonamides) in honey. Honey samples were dissolved with Na2EDTA, and veterinary residues were extracted from the supernatant by solid-phase extraction (SPE), using OASIS HLB cartridges.
Honey samples, collected from the Southern Marmara region of Turkey, were analysed for erythromycin residues by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode (LC-ESI-MS). Fifty samples, comprising chestnut, pine, linden and multi-flower honeys, were collected directly from hives and analyzed.
The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has been attributed to the overuse of antimicrobials in human medicine. Another route by which humans are exposed to antibiotics is through the animal foods we eat. In modern agricultural practice, veterinary drugs are being used on a large scale, administered for treating infection or prophylactically to prevent infection.
Degradation behaviour of the triazole fungicide, Propiconazole1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1, 3-dioxolane-2-yl methyl) 1 h-1, 2,4-triazole, in canal water was investigated.
